Author: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Date Submitted: 02/07/2021 08:47 AM

Average star voting: 3 ⭐ ( 78705 reviews)

Summary: As discussed in Chapter 3, DNA replication is a semiconservative process in which each parental strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary daughter strand. The central enzyme involved is DNA polymerase, which catalyzes the joining of deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates (dNTPs) to form the growing DNA chain. However, DNA replication is much more complex than a single enzymatic reaction. Other proteins are involved, and proofreading mechanisms are required to ensure that the accuracy of replication is compatible with the low frequency of errors that is needed for cell reproduction. Additional proteins and specific DNA sequences are also needed both to initiate replication and to copy the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.

Match with the search results: and is responsible for replication of mitochondrial DNA. The other four enzymes are located in the nucleus and are therefore candidates for involvement in nuclear DNA replication….. read more

Author: en.wikipedia.org

Date Submitted: 03/13/2021 03:55 PM

Average star voting: 4 ⭐ ( 92146 reviews)

Summary:

Match with the search results: In 1998, the family D of DNA polymerase was discovered in Pyrococcus furiosus and Methanococcus jannaschii. The PolD complex is a heterodimer of two chains, ……. read more

Author: www.sciencedirect.com

Date Submitted: 11/30/2019 10:59 PM

Average star voting: 3 ⭐ ( 74702 reviews)

Summary: Summary, description and timeline in the key events around the development of DNA polymerase

Match with the search results: All organisms, either unicellular or pluricellular, that use DNA as their genetic information require one or more DNA polymerases for their survival. Most DNA ……. read more

Author: www.quora.com

Date Submitted: 06/16/2021 03:48 AM

Average star voting: 5 ⭐ ( 17992 reviews)

Summary: The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.

Match with the search results: In eukaryotic cells, DNA polymerases can be found in the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts (mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA molecules). In ……. read more

Author: whatisbiotechnology.org

Date Submitted: 06/14/2019 09:23 AM

Average star voting: 5 ⭐ ( 44467 reviews)

Summary: An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of new DNA.

Match with the search results: The history of DNA polymerase is rooted in the work of Arthur Kornberg who in 1948 discovered that an enzyme he extracted from potatoes (nucleotide ……. read more

Author: www.news-medical.net

Date Submitted: 06/22/2020 09:07 AM

Average star voting: 3 ⭐ ( 80410 reviews)

Summary: Most current evidence indicates that DNA polymerases ε and δ, respectively, perform the bulk of leading and lagging strand replication of the eukaryotic nuclear genome. Given that ribonucleotide and mismatch incorporation rates by these replicases influence somatic and germline patterns of variation, it is important to understand the details and exceptions to this overall division of labor. Using an improved method to map where these replicases incorporate ribonucleotides during replication, here we present evidence that DNA polymerase δ universally participates in initiating leading strand synthesis and that nascent leading strand synthesis switches from Pol ε to Pol δ during replication termination. Ribonucleotide maps from both the budding and fission yeast reveal conservation of these processes. These observations of replisome dynamics provide important insight into the mechanisms of eukaryotic replication and genome maintenance. DNA polymerases epsilon and delta, respectively, perform the majority of leading and lagging strand replication of the eukaryotic nuclear genome. Here the authors map the ribonucleotide fingerprints of the polymerases to show the special roles of polymerase delta on both strands during replication initiation and termination.

Match with the search results: The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential ……. read more

Author: www.khanacademy.org

Date Submitted: 02/12/2019 08:40 AM

Average star voting: 3 ⭐ ( 41119 reviews)

Summary: DNA polymerase is a ubiquitous enzyme that synthesizes complementary DNA strands according to the template DNA in living cells. Multiple enzymes have been identified from each organism, and the shared functions of these enzymes have been investigated. In addition to their fundamental role in maintaining genome integrity during replication and repair, DNA polymerases are widely used for DNA manipulation in vitro, including DNA cloning, sequencing, labeling, mutagenesis, and other purposes. The fundamental ability of DNA polymerases to synthesize a deoxyribonucleotide chain is conserved. However, the more specific properties, including processivity, fidelity (synthesis accuracy), and substrate nucleotide selectivity, differ among the enzymes. The distinctive properties of each DNA polymerase may lead to the potential development of unique reagents, and therefore searching for novel DNA polymerase has been one of the major focuses in this research field. In addition, protein engineering techniques to create mutant or artificial DNA polymerases have been successfully developing powerful DNA polymerases, suitable for specific purposes among the many kinds of DNA manipulations. Thermostable DNA polymerases are especially important for PCR-related techniques in molecular biology. In this review, we summarize the history of the research on developing thermostable DNA polymerases as reagents for genetic manipulation and discuss the future of this research field.

Match with the search results: DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3′ end of an existing DNA strand. (They use the free -OH group found at the 3′ end as a “hook,” adding a ……. read more